Talking about languages
- How we name a language in Russian depends on which verb we use with it.
- The name of a language in Russian consists of two words: an adjective which describes the language, and the word язык (language):
английский язык, русский язык, французский язык.
- We use this form to express the name of a language with the verbs знать and изучать:
Я знаю русский язык.
Мы изучаем английский язык.
- We ask which language someone knows or studies with the question word какой or какие:
Какой язык вы знаете?
Каие языки вы изучаете?
- With verbs that indicate a language skill (things one can do with, or in a language), we use an adverbial form of the name of the language:
по-русски, по-английски, по-испански, по-французски.
- The name of the language here looks similar to the adjectival form, except it's preceded with the prefix по- and is missing the letter -й at the end.
- We use this form for the name of the language with the verbs говорить, читать, понимать, писать:
Она читает по-русски.
Мы понимаем по-испански.
Они пишут по-французски.
Вы говорите по-немецки?
- To ask in which language one can read, understand, write, or speak, we use the expression На каком языке, or На каких языках.
Exercises: 0041g, 0672g, 0726g